Bitters are a crucial ingredient in cocktails that add depth, complexity, and balance to a drink. However, they are often overlooked and underappreciated. In this article, we will explore the art of using bitters in cocktails, from their history and production to their various flavors and how to use them in different types of drinks.
What are Bitters?
Bitters are a concentrated liquid made by infusing botanicals, such as herbs, spices, fruits, and barks, in high-proof alcohol. They are intensely flavored and used in small quantities to add depth, complexity, and balance to cocktails. Bitters are considered an essential ingredient in classic cocktails, such as Old Fashioned, Manhattan, and Martini, and can also be used to create innovative and modern cocktails.
Bitters have a long and fascinating history dating back to the ancient Egyptians, who used herbs and spices to create medicinal tinctures. In the 18th century, bitters were commercialized as a cure for various ailments, including stomach disorders, headaches, and anxiety. The most famous bitters brand, Angostura, was created in 1824 by a German doctor in Venezuela and was originally marketed as a remedy for seasickness.
Today, bitters are produced by many brands around the world, using a variety of botanicals and production methods. Some brands, such as Angostura, use a secret recipe and aging process that involves aging the bitters in barrels for several years. Other brands, such as Bittercube and Scrappy’s, focus on using locally sourced and organic botanicals to create unique and flavorful bitters.
Different Types of Bitters
There are many types of bitters available, each with its own distinct flavor and aroma profile. Some of the most common types of bitters include:
Aromatic Bitters
Aromatic bitters are the most common type of bitters and are used in many classic cocktails. They are made with a blend of herbs, spices, and roots, such as gentian, cinnamon, and cardamom, and have a strong and complex flavor with a bitter finish.
Citrus Bitters
Citrus bitters are made with citrus peels, such as orange, lemon, and grapefruit, and add a bright and zesty flavor to cocktails. They are often used in gin-based cocktails and pair well with other citrus flavors.
Herbal Bitters
Herbal bitters are made with a blend of herbs, such as thyme, sage, and rosemary, and have a savory and earthy flavor profile. They are often used in whiskey-based cocktails and pair well with other herbal flavors.
Spiced Bitters
Spiced bitters are made with a blend of spices, such as clove, nutmeg, and allspice, and have a warm and spicy flavor profile. They are often used in rum-based cocktails and pair well with other spiced flavors.
Fruit Bitters
Fruit bitters are made with a variety of fruits, such as cherry, peach, and apple, and have a fruity and slightly tart flavor profile. They are often used in vodka-based cocktails and pair well with other fruit flavors.
Chocolate Bitters
Chocolate bitters are made with cocoa nibs and have a rich and decadent flavor profile. They are often used in whiskey-based cocktails and pair well with other chocolate and coffee flavors.
How to Use Bitters in Cocktails
Bitters are versatile and can be used in a wide variety of cocktails, from classic to modern. Here are some examples of how to use bitters in different types of drinks.
Classic Cocktails with Bitters
- Old Fashioned: Mix 2 oz of whiskey, 1 sugar cube, and 2 dashes of aromatic bitters in a rocks glass. Add ice and stir. Garnish with an orange twist and a cherry.
- Manhattan: Mix 2 oz of whiskey, 1 oz of sweet vermouth, and 2 dashes of aromatic bitters in a mixing glass. Add ice and stir. Strain into a chilled cocktail glass and garnish with a cherry.
- Martini: Mix 2.5 oz of gin or vodka and 1 oz of dry vermouth in a mixing glass. Add ice and stir. Strain into a chilled cocktail glass and add 1-2 dashes of orange bitters. Garnish with a lemon twist or olive.
Modern Cocktails with Bitters
- Negroni: Mix 1 oz of gin, 1 oz of Campari, and 1 oz of sweet vermouth in a mixing glass. Add ice and stir. Strain into a rocks glass with ice and add 1-2 dashes of orange bitters. Garnish with an orange twist.
- Sour: Mix 2 oz of whiskey or gin, 1 oz of lemon juice, and 1/2 oz of simple syrup in a shaker. Add ice and shake. Strain into a rocks glass with ice and add 1-2 dashes of aromatic bitters. Garnish with a cherry.
Pairing Bitters with Different Spirits
Bitters can enhance the flavor of different spirits and create complex and delicious cocktails. Here are some examples of how to pair bitters with different spirits.
- Gin: Pair citrus bitters with gin to create a bright and refreshing cocktail. Try a Gin and Tonic with a few dashes of grapefruit bitters.
- Tequila: Pair spiced bitters with tequila to create a bold and flavorful cocktail. Try a Spicy Margarita with a few dashes of habanero bitters.
- rum: Pair fruit bitters with rum to create a tropical and fruity cocktail. Try a Mai Tai with a few dashes of pineapple bitters.
Tips and Tricks for Using Bitters
Here are some tips and tricks for using bitters in cocktails:
- Start with a small amount of bitters and adjust to taste. Bitters are concentrated and can quickly overpower a drink.
- Use different types of bitters to create depth and complexity in a drink. Try combining aromatic bitters with citrus bitters or spiced bitters with herbal bitters.
- Experiment with different ratios of bitters to spirits and mixers to find your preferred balance.
- Use a dropper or bitters bottle to control the amount of bitters added to a drink.
- Store bitters in a cool, dark place to maintain their flavor and aroma.
Bitters as a Digestive Aid
Bitters have long been used as a digestive aid and can help stimulate the production of digestive juices and enzymes. Some people even enjoy a few drops of bitters on their tongue before or after a meal to aid in digestion. This is known as “bittering your cocktail.”
Conclusion
Bitters are a crucial ingredient in cocktails that add depth, complexity, and balance to a drink. They come in many different flavors and can be used in a wide variety of classic and modern cocktails. By following the tips and tricks outlined in this article, you can become a master of using bitters in your cocktails and create delicious and memorable drinks.
FAQs
- What is the difference between bitters and liqueurs?
- Bitters are highly concentrated and used in small quantities to add flavor to cocktails, while liqueurs are sweetened and often used as a primary ingredient in cocktails.
- Can bitters be used in non-alcoholic cocktails?
- Yes, bitters can be used in non-alcoholic cocktails to add flavor and complexity. Simply replace the alcohol with a non-alcoholic alternative.
- How long do bitters last once opened?
- Bitters can last for several years once opened if stored properly in a cool, dark place.
- Can bitters be used in cooking?
- Yes, bitters can be used in cooking to add flavor to sauces, marinades, and desserts.
- Can bitters be enjoyed on their own?
- Bitters are highly concentrated and not typically enjoyed on their own, but they can be used as a digestive aid by adding a few drops to your tongue before or after a meal.
